Table of Contents
1. Digestive System: overview
2. Obesity/Glucose and Diffusion
3. Nutrition: Classes
Most of us think of the digestive process starting when we are actually chewing and later digesting the food we ate. But, the digestive process starts before you take a bite of the scrumptious, carmel, sticky roll. As the aroma of the roll fills your senses, you are subconsciously salivating, which is the start of the digestive system. Nutrition on the other hand, is a never ending topic amongst all of us. Whether it is a new diet approach, what you are cooking for dinner, a delicious recipe you would like to try, or just your everyday meals and snacks throughout the day. This unit covers the Digestive System and Nutrition. Above I listed a brief table of contents, but below I will discuss more in depth on each sub title. Once again, by reading this section, I think about the importance of keeping my body healthy; supporting it with daily exercise and the nutrients it needs to function to its fullest.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: OVERVIEW
There are 5 processes the digestive system is involved in: Ingestion, Digestion(mechanic
al-actual cutting up of food and chemical- mouth to the small intestines), Movement, Absorption, and Elimination. The organs involved in the digestive system are found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). To the right is a picture of the different layers within the tract. The first layer of the winding tract is basically a mucous substance, protective layer, known as the mucosa layer. The second layer is loosely filled with tissues containing nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels that help carry the nutrients collected from the mucosa. The Muscularis layer is composed of 2 smooth muscles, which contract, moving the food towards the anus. The fourth layer is, Serosa, which prevents the organs from sticking to the abdominal wall. Next I will briefly touch on the parts of the Digestive Tract. To see parts I a
m going to discuss, look at the labeled picture to the right. When you take a bite of your carmel roll, the first part you enter is the Mouth. Saliva, as discussed in the introduction, produces "salivary amylase that begins the process of digesting starch" (Mader 146). The tongue forms a combustion of food known as a bolus which leads us to the second and third parts of the GI tract. The Pharynx and Esophagus. Once food reaches the back of the pharynx, swallowing is done without our control, leading to the esophagus which moves food to the stomach. At this point of entrance into the stomach, there are little muscles known as sphincters that act like stress balls. When they are relaxed, the sphincters allow the food to pass into the stomach. During contraction, it prevents acidic substances from entering back into the esophagus(heartburn).
al-actual cutting up of food and chemical- mouth to the small intestines), Movement, Absorption, and Elimination. The organs involved in the digestive system are found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). To the right is a picture of the different layers within the tract. The first layer of the winding tract is basically a mucous substance, protective layer, known as the mucosa layer. The second layer is loosely filled with tissues containing nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels that help carry the nutrients collected from the mucosa. The Muscularis layer is composed of 2 smooth muscles, which contract, moving the food towards the anus. The fourth layer is, Serosa, which prevents the organs from sticking to the abdominal wall. Next I will briefly touch on the parts of the Digestive Tract. To see parts I a
m going to discuss, look at the labeled picture to the right. When you take a bite of your carmel roll, the first part you enter is the Mouth. Saliva, as discussed in the introduction, produces "salivary amylase that begins the process of digesting starch" (Mader 146). The tongue forms a combustion of food known as a bolus which leads us to the second and third parts of the GI tract. The Pharynx and Esophagus. Once food reaches the back of the pharynx, swallowing is done without our control, leading to the esophagus which moves food to the stomach. At this point of entrance into the stomach, there are little muscles known as sphincters that act like stress balls. When they are relaxed, the sphincters allow the food to pass into the stomach. During contraction, it prevents acidic substances from entering back into the esophagus(heartburn). "The stomach and small intestine complete the digestion of food, which begins in the mouth" (Mader 148). It's easy to think that when you eat something it goes directly to you stomach. Which happens through the process mentioned above, but the stomach is also known as the storage compartment. The well known wave-like movement, peristalsis, occurs in this organ. The Small Intestines is the coiled, orange section in the picture above, where the majority of digestion takes place.
Large Intestine: This is the last section of the digestive tract. The main functions are: absorption of excess water, stores unusable wastes, and eliminates. Most of us are aware that the large intestine is divided into 3 different sections: ascending, transverse, and descending colon. The green section in the picture above shows each section. The S shaped(near the end) is the Sigmoid colon which enters into the rectum. "The large intestine takes 12-25 hours to finish up the remaining processes of the digestive system" (Wikipedia).
Accessory Organs: The 3 parts of the accessory organs are: pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. Pancreas: secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon, digestive enzymes for all different nutrients(CHO, lipids, sugars). Liver: receives blood and many other functions(stores glucose as glycogen, regulates cholesterol, lipid, and protein metabolism, secretion, and synthesizes. Gallbladder: stores excess bile, produced from the liver.
OBESITY/GLUCOSE/DM: Most of us are aware that
if you were to constantly consume lollipops, greasy double burgers and lounge around drinking Mt. Dew all day; you would most likely end up with obesity. The high intake of the sugars and fat puts an individuals health at risk for Diabetes and Cardiovascular problems. Glucose is a carbohydrate that the cell uses for energy. It comes from the Greek history; gluc"sugar" ose"carbohydrate" (wikipedia). Diabetes is a common disease that can develop from obesity(mainly type II). The liver cells are not capable of producing glucose. In turn, it causes the individuals blood sugar to rise(normal BS level is 60-100) and glucose and water are eliminated through urine. Many individuals with Type II Diabetes can control their BS with a low sugar/fat diet, exercise, and some take oral medication. Type I Diabetes is more insulin dependent. The blood sugars can either fall low-hypoglycemic(glossy eyes, weak, sweaty, confused) or high blood sugars-hyperglycemic(increased thirst, drowsy, loss of consciousness). Working in the health care field, many patients have Diabetes. Some are cognitive and are well aware of their bodies, and are able recognize signs of low/high BS. We monitor the BS levels using a glucometer which reads a prick of blood. Depending if the reading is high or not, an individual may or may not get coverage(if ordered). An interesting piece of information I came across is: During the 17th century in England; obesity was considered a, "symbol of wealth and social status in cultures prone to food shortages" (wikipedia). In the U.S. this disease is continuing to rise. "Losing 5 to 10 percent of your weight can help delay or prevent some of these diseases" (medline). Remembering to maintain a healthy nutritious diet and exercising will hopefully decrease your chances of diseases.
if you were to constantly consume lollipops, greasy double burgers and lounge around drinking Mt. Dew all day; you would most likely end up with obesity. The high intake of the sugars and fat puts an individuals health at risk for Diabetes and Cardiovascular problems. Glucose is a carbohydrate that the cell uses for energy. It comes from the Greek history; gluc"sugar" ose"carbohydrate" (wikipedia). Diabetes is a common disease that can develop from obesity(mainly type II). The liver cells are not capable of producing glucose. In turn, it causes the individuals blood sugar to rise(normal BS level is 60-100) and glucose and water are eliminated through urine. Many individuals with Type II Diabetes can control their BS with a low sugar/fat diet, exercise, and some take oral medication. Type I Diabetes is more insulin dependent. The blood sugars can either fall low-hypoglycemic(glossy eyes, weak, sweaty, confused) or high blood sugars-hyperglycemic(increased thirst, drowsy, loss of consciousness). Working in the health care field, many patients have Diabetes. Some are cognitive and are well aware of their bodies, and are able recognize signs of low/high BS. We monitor the BS levels using a glucometer which reads a prick of blood. Depending if the reading is high or not, an individual may or may not get coverage(if ordered). An interesting piece of information I came across is: During the 17th century in England; obesity was considered a, "symbol of wealth and social status in cultures prone to food shortages" (wikipedia). In the U.S. this disease is continuing to rise. "Losing 5 to 10 percent of your weight can help delay or prevent some of these diseases" (medline). Remembering to maintain a healthy nutritious diet and exercising will hopefully decrease your chances of diseases.NUTRITION: CLASSES. The nutrition lab also goes over the classes of nutri
ents. Food is readily availabe anywhere you go. If you're hungary while driving and don't have time to cook; many stop and eat at the fast food restaurants. For the most part they are affordable and less of a hassle than cooking yourself. We are all guilty of doing just that, but when it is an every day meal; its not healthy for our body. Our hearts are strong and muscular, but they need healthy and essential nutrients to keep them strong and beating. The unwanted fats and oils are beginners at clogging our artiries. Eating a small abundance of the "oh so easy" empty calorie foods is a good start to a healthy diet. The book starts out with the well known classes of nutritioun: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids,Minerals, and Vitamins. By now most of us have been told over and over the importance of eating fruits and veggies, not to eat sweets, and exercise, exercise, exercise!! To the right is a new pyramid that was created at Harvard. It is basically the same as the classic food pyramid, but they added more varieties and note the bottom section: EXERCISE. I don't feel its necessary to go over which foods are involved in the classes, because at this point we should have a general idea of what to eat and what to limit in our diets. Now-a-days diets seem to be an important part in peoples lives. Some of them can be dangerous to your health, it's important to research any new diet plan. A familiar diet is the Atkin's Diet which limits the amount of carbs and allows the dieter to eat as much meat, butter, and eggs. A spokes person stated, "this is the most dangerous if followed for any length of time [...] You are placing your body in jeopardy" (atkins). This proves to be cautious and contact your physician with any diets or concerns. Consuming the essential vitamins and minerals, and nutrients the body needs is important for good health.
ents. Food is readily availabe anywhere you go. If you're hungary while driving and don't have time to cook; many stop and eat at the fast food restaurants. For the most part they are affordable and less of a hassle than cooking yourself. We are all guilty of doing just that, but when it is an every day meal; its not healthy for our body. Our hearts are strong and muscular, but they need healthy and essential nutrients to keep them strong and beating. The unwanted fats and oils are beginners at clogging our artiries. Eating a small abundance of the "oh so easy" empty calorie foods is a good start to a healthy diet. The book starts out with the well known classes of nutritioun: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids,Minerals, and Vitamins. By now most of us have been told over and over the importance of eating fruits and veggies, not to eat sweets, and exercise, exercise, exercise!! To the right is a new pyramid that was created at Harvard. It is basically the same as the classic food pyramid, but they added more varieties and note the bottom section: EXERCISE. I don't feel its necessary to go over which foods are involved in the classes, because at this point we should have a general idea of what to eat and what to limit in our diets. Now-a-days diets seem to be an important part in peoples lives. Some of them can be dangerous to your health, it's important to research any new diet plan. A familiar diet is the Atkin's Diet which limits the amount of carbs and allows the dieter to eat as much meat, butter, and eggs. A spokes person stated, "this is the most dangerous if followed for any length of time [...] You are placing your body in jeopardy" (atkins). This proves to be cautious and contact your physician with any diets or concerns. Consuming the essential vitamins and minerals, and nutrients the body needs is important for good health. In conclusion, once again our body goes through a cycle to perform a particular activity. Chewing the last bite of the carmel roll and swallowing starts the process of digestion. Again the processes involved in the Digestive system are: ingestion, digestion, movement, absorption, and elimination. Maintaining a healthy diet will hopefully allow these processes to continue functioning. The organs nestled inside of the GI tract are also important to help keep these processes regulated. In today's world, there are many options available to try and cue you to a healthy lifestyle. But, in reality we each need to watch for what is important to our own body. Not every diet, vitamin supplement, nutrition guide, or exercise program will work for us. We all function a little different, so researching what is available is not a bad step to take. Just to add for the hundredth time, watching the foods we consume(advised in the food pyramid) and exercising will hopefully lead our bodies to a comfortable lifestyle. There are many diseases that can contribute to neglect of the body, knowing the side effects that diseases can cause is a good start at caring for your body.
Works Cited
Mader, Sylvia S. Human Biology. Boston: McGrawHill Companies, Inc. 2008
quotes
quote
http://en.wikipedia.org.wiki/large_intestine and obesity
quotes, picture of organs
picture of scale, quote
picture of digestive layers
flower pic-my picture
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