Exercise, Exercise, Exercise- unit II-Lab
This Lab project was based on measuring metabolic rates of pulse, respiration, and systolic/diastolic BP. Not only do our bodies work hard at rest, but when you add a cardiovascular workout on top of it; double time steps in! Beginning this lab, I measured my rates at rest 5 different times, calculated each mean, and then performed 3 activities/3 reps each: step aerobics, vacuuming, and swimming. During exercise, the cardiovascular system works hard to increase the blood flow due to the high demand of energy. Having some knowledge about the cardiovascular system, it only makes sense to conclude that during each activity; the pulse, respiration and BPs would have a slight increase in their measurements (depending on the exertion of the exercise). One of the important cells in the cardiovascular system is the RBC, in that it carries oxygen, which diffuse into tissues. I will quickly review what the numbers of systolic and diastolic pressure are. While using the blood pressure cuff to measure my blood pressure; the first notable beat, after pumping it up, is the systolic measurement (contraction of the heart) and the last beat is the diastolic measurement(relaxation of the heart). I hope by reading through this lab, you will have an understanding of what happens to your metabolic measurements during exercise and what causes the changes.
Before starting this lab, I wrote down an 'educated guess' for each activity, what I thought my me
tabolic measurements would be. Since I perform these activities, I felt comfortable formulating a hypothesis for each metabolic rate, stating that my pulse, respiration's, and BP would increase. Knowing that swimming is more physical exertion, I guessed my measurements would increase more than step aerobics and vacuuming. The table to the right are my formulated guesses. As mentioned above, our bodies supply oxygen and blood to the heart during the high energy demand while exercising. With my activities, my hypothesis and the outcomes were fairly accurate.Materials and Methods. An average resting heart rate is between 60-100 bpm. "The heart rate adapts to changes in the body's need for oxygen" (American heart article). An example of this would be during the exercises I performed. There are
several places to get a pulse measurement a few places are :carotid, femoral, brachial, popliteal(behind the knee), and radial. I used my radial pulse, which is shown in the picture to the right (the sticker is where I placed my fingers). For each activity my heart rate increased, more after each rep, due to the heart pumping faster, in need of more oxygen. During these activities the throbbing sensation while exercising is the arteries responding to the heart beat, which is carrying blood away from the heart. The second measurement were my respiration's, which is counting each full breath in and out. (I did not take a picture, because you wouldn't be able to see it anyway). An average RR(respiratory rate) for an adult is 12-20, depending on the individual. During an inhalation, we breath in oxygen from the environment which contains "20% oxygen," which mixes with the oxygen in our alveloi containing "14% oxygen" (respiration, article). The main function of respiration is to quickly send oxygen to our blood and in return quickly removing carbon dioxide. This happens with an individual who has a healthy set of lungs. Working in the health care field, I have seen many individuals that can't perform this cycle without gasping for air. Some individuals have difficulties breathing while trying to talk, changing positions, or even eating. This most commonly occurs with Emphysema and individuals with congestive heart failure. Instead of having thin, small alevoli for exchange; these individuals are living with larger surface areas and alveloi. Making them short of breath with minimal exertion. During a deep inhale and exhale the body can take in and remove about "5.5 Liters of air" (respiration). Again with each rep on my activities, my respiration's increased. The more physical and strength I put in the more work my heart pumped to supply my blood flow. The third metabolic measurement was my blood pressure(systolic and diastolic). "Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries" (wikipedia). An average BP reading for adults is 120/80 or lower. The picture below and to the right shows where I placed my blood pressure cuff and my stethoscope( As you can see I took it myself so it was a bit tricky). I felt for my brachial p
ulse, placed my stethoscope on that area and pumped to about 180. I also put a picture of my stethoscope and blood pressure cuff below.
Increased physical activity causes an increase in pressure in the body, this forces the heart to supply oxygen rich blood to the main chambers of the heart(aorta, ventricle). This blood then branches to arteries, then arterioles. The smallest branching is known as the capillaries(where the pressure of blood decreases) supplying the body with refreshing oxygen/nutrients. While swimming my laps the faster my strokes became, the more blood was pumping through, increasing my blood pressure. These measurements will be found in the table below. Once the oxygen is delivered to the tissues in the body, deoxygenated blood starts the journey pumping back to the heart(which is found in the capillaries). Similar to the branching of the arteries; the capillaries branch into veins, venules, and the superior/inferior vena cavas. Measurements of blood pressure can vary depending on each individual, activity, temperature, posture, diet, history, and medications. Again, this lab shows that with the activities I picked, my measurements increased.
This picture shows the step aerobic exercise I did (50/rep). For this activity, my metabolic guess was fairly accurate. For each metabolic measurement my rates increased. My pulse was the highest change. I started at 72bpm and at my last rep it was 104. Below you will see the graph mean for this activity.
This picture is to show my second activity, I was vacuuming. It was more than this little area. (which is now neatly cleaned after 3 times)!
This obviously shows my third activity, swimming. I did 6 laps for each rep(before all the kids came and ruined my peace fullness :) )
Data.
The table above shows the metabolic rates of each activity I performed 3 times and the right column is the mean measurements for: pulse, respiration, and systolic/diastolic BP. At the bottom(read area) is actually already mentioned above, its my hypothesis results. The bar graph to the right is the mean results for each activity. For each activity the mean measurements were accurate and what I expected.
Analysis of data. Activity One(step aerobics) hypothesis was correct. My guesses were: 84-20-125-70. The mean results were: 88-21-124-70. According to the data I collected, this is what I was expecting. My pulse ranged, but that could have been depending on the pace I did for each rep. Activity Two (vacuuming) hypothesis was not correct, it was a little off. My guesses were: 72-16-116-70. The mean results were: 88-21-118-70. Again, my pulse was more than what I though it would be. Also my hypothesis respiration's were lower than the mean average. I guess vacuuming is more work that I expected it to be. But the BP were fairly close. Activity Three (swimming) hypothesis were somewhat correct and close. My guesses were: 120-24-130-75. The mean results were: 120-23-127-73. Now that I am looking back, I would think that my BP would be more. I retook my 3rd systolic pressure twice, and got 120; which was surprising. By my third rep I could have slowed down, possibly making it lower. My hypotheses on all three activities were fairly correct when comparing them to my mean averages. Our bodies continue working with each activity we participate in, most likely increasing each metabolic measurement.
Problems with your data or technique. There are a couple things that could change the measurements. As I mentioned above, moving at the same exact pace for each activity wasn't the case, which could change the numbers slightly. Another point I would like to make is, which measurement to take first. By the time I got my pulse and respiration's done, and adjusted my BP cuff my measurements may have went down a little. Regardless I feel that my results are correct, and I did not have any technical difficulties to bother with. Above I reviewed my hypotheses and mean results, and even though some are a little off I still think that they are fairly accurate or correct.
In conclusion I would like to say this lab was interesting and fun. Doing all these activities and then thinking about why my metabolic rates changed is fascinating. It's something I don't typical stop to think about! Starting the lab, I already had the feeling that each metabolic measurement: pulse, respiration, and BP would slightly increase depending on my activities. The more exertion I gave, the higher my results were. But, if we were able to look inside of our bodies it would all make sense. Our baby alveloi branching off of our lungs are tiny, but they quickly take in oxygen and remove the unwanted carbon dioxide. This in turn, keeps our respiratory cycle functioning. When there is more physical activity, our heart pumps faster causing our arteries to fill up and send blood to the heart. Oxygen and nutrients are delivered while carbon dioxide and wastes are removed. The cardiovascular system can be complex, but knowing that our heart is aware of the increase in activity; it continues to pump faster to supply blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues. During these exercise, I could feel the beating sensation of my heart; knowing it pumps harder to supply oxygen to the muscles is amazing. Our heart truly is a loving structure.
Works Cited:
http://www.puchon.com/biology/respire.htm#ventricle
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/blood_pressure
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www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml
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